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The Comparison of Revolutionary Movements in China Essay
Among the revolutionary movements in modern China we may take three for analysis. There are Taiping movement, Nationalist movement, represented by Kuomintang, and Communist movement, which was the only victorious among them.
Taiping movement |
Nationalist movement |
Communist movement |
|
Period |
1850-64 |
1919-50 (intermittently) |
1921-50 (intermittently) |
Leaders |
Hong Xiuquan |
Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek |
Mao Zedong |
Ideology |
universal equality of people in the form of The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of great prosperity |
right-wing policy, conservatism, anticommunism, Chinese nationalism |
left-wing policy, communism, Marxism, Maoism |
Essence |
peasant war against the Manchu Qing dynasty and foreign colonialists, which was cruelly suppressed |
both parties were the belligerents in Civil War of 1927-50 in China, which led to the victory of the communist movement |
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When we compare these movements, we should into account the time when they took place. All the movements were based on definite ideology, and if national and communist wings are completely opposite, Taiping movement may be classified as a middle way: it was based on the poorest classes of population, as communist rebellion, and its ideology was slightly connected with nationalism and authoritarianism, as Kuomintang's movement.
If we analyse the reasons of failing the Taiping uprising and national movement of China, we come to the conclusion that their ideas were not in time with the beliefs of the people. Vice versa, communists used popular slogans of the first half of XX century and managed to draw more people to their side. All the movements were severe to their enemies and may be estimated both as heroic and dramatic events of Chinese history.
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